Journal of Computer Aided Surgery Vol.5 No.2
Abstract
Surgical robotic system is an advanced surgical tool that enables surgeons
to perform precise operation with high−quality．It has been proved that
some surgical robotic systems contributeto more precise and saftr surgical
operation in clinical environments．In this article，classification of
the surgical robotic systems is proposed at first．Several technologies
required for compact and high performance surgical robotic system are presented
using examples of surgical robotics system for minimally invasive general
abdominal surgery．They are miniaturized driving mecanism，multi−degrees
of freedom bending forceps，integrated laser coagulation manipulator，and
system integration.Finally，safety issues in surgical robotics design are
discussed using an example of laparoscopic manipulator．
Keywords
Surgical robot，Bending forceps，Laser surgical instrument，Minimally invasive surgery．
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery is being popularized in world-wide because
of the smaller incision，earlier recovery，and shorter hospital stay．However，the
technical difnculties were encountered in limited movement of the instruments
and in confined operative field．Computer-enhanced procedures are highly
expected to overcome those technical difnculties in conventional endoscopic
surgery．I herein introduce our clinical expenence in robotic surgery with
both Zeus and da Vhci surgical systems．The messages are what we，surgeons
would like to do and what is most to be realized in next generation.
Keywords
Naviot，da Vinci，Zeus，Navigation system，Surgical Simulation System．
Abstract
Computer assisted surgery systems such as preoperative planner,surgical navigation，and surgical robot have been recently introduced in some orthopaedic field．To over come the inaccuracy of hand−controlled positioning of surgical tools even under navigational guidance，three robotic systems have bcen developed．One type directs a cutting guide block or a drilling guide sleeve，with surgeons sliding a bone saw or a drill bit through the guide instrument to execute a surgical action.Another type constrains the range of movement of a surgical tool held by a robot armsuch as ACROBOT．The last type is an active system，such as ROBODOC or CASPAR，which directs a milling device automatically according to preoperative planning．These CAS systems，their potential，and their limitations are reviewed here．Future technologies and future directions of CAS that will help provide improved patient outcomes in a cost−effective manner are also discussed．
Keywords
Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery，Total Hip Arthroplasty，Robot-Assisted Surgery，Navigation
Abstract
Approaches to integration of medical image and spatial data for computer−assisted
surgery are presented．We firstly describe preoperative image analysis
for organ modeling，qtnntification，and surgical planning，then present
intraoperative guidance using preoperative planning and intraoperative
images such as ultrasonography and endoscopy.Finally，we discuss a framework
of a 4D surgical database in which the preoperative，intraoperative，and postoperative
data are stored directly from computer−assisted surgery systems.
Abstract
This paper shows several methods for generating images that assist surgical operations.Especially，we show surgical applications of virtual endoscopy system that authors’group have developed．First，the basic concepts and technologies of virtual endoscopy system are explained．Second，the flexible endoscope navigation system，which navigates endoscopic examination or surgery using a flexible endoscope，is introduced．The system is implemented as fuse of real and virtual endoscopy.Third，virtual laparoscopic system is briefly explained．In the system，virtual lifting of abdominal wall is performed for simulating pneumoperitoneumbased on elastic deformation of 3−D CT images.Virtual laparoscopic images for surgical assistance are generated from the deformed images．We also show a method for generating virtually stretched views of an organ based on image deformation．This method can generate the stretched views that are useful for understandingthe status or location of lesion.
Keywords
Computer assisted surgery，Virtual endoscopy，Volume rendering，Endoscope navigation，Image registration，Virtual laparoscopy，Vitual pneumoperitoneum，Vitual pathology.
Abstract
A medical system for 21st century should enable surgeons to reliably provide medical services of high and ubiquitous quality．Thiswill be achieved by sharing all the information with team members，objective and appropriate decision making and work sharing by the team，and making good use of "visualized"treatment process basedon the information management，simulation，and database by taking advantage of IT．This means that to achieve the goal while optimizing the strategy toward the goal (a road map）by momitoring real−timely the pre-and intraoperative surgical planning and the operating condition of surgical devices under the control of the surgical strategy system．
Keywords
Medical traceability，Robotic surgery，Target controlled management，Intelligent operating theater．
Abstrract
Recently，research on medical virtual reality and real−time imaging
techniques for routine clinical procedures has been expanding.This paper
will provide an introduction to the application of high dimensional medical
imaging techniques for the realization of tele−surgery．The techniques
we have been working on include a medical image analysis，a surgical navigation
system，a robotic surgery system，a tele−virtual surgery simulation system
as well as various applications.In addition，we will introduce the functions
of the high−tech navigation operating room that has been constructed at
The Jikei University 3rd Hospital in July 2003 in order to conduct the
high−tech navigation surgery.
Keywords
Medical image analysis，Surgical navigation，Tele-virtual surgery，Robotic surgery，High−tech navigation operating room．
Abstraet
Surgery domain is considered to be most a domain to be argued with respect to medical safety．Especially Robot Surgery should be involved the technology error which originates in operationin addition to the conventional human error，it is complex and a possibility that the high risk of uncertainty will be puffeb upis hidden．When performing mitigation of a risk，and examinationof prevention，it is necessary to set the target of examination as the beginning．Furthermore，it becomes important the procedure of the target achievement．Robot Surgery also needs to clarifyimportance which the correlation between risk and risk．In addition，since the shortage of mastery by the side of the user who is one of the risk factors means the fall of the capability concerning curtailment of the risk factor which mechanical structure and IT function have，it is considered to be indispensable to development of a future Robot Surgery from the result of risk assessment to improve an educational training program and a guideline．
Keywords
Robot Surgery，Technology assessment，Safety of medical，Treatment benefit，Treatment risk.
Abstract
The integration of video management systems and tele−communication systems is desirable to manage all of the video images used at surgery and simultaneously share them with medical specialists at remote site．Common Object Request Broker Architecture（CORBA）allows integration of existing subsystem regardless of their hardware，operating system and programming language with minimum engineering overhead，and maximum flexibility and performanxce．In these clinical applications integrated system enabled surgeon to manage eight medical images and operate under image of 25 frame per second on his own selecting．The surgeon became able to communicate with a medical specialist and operate under precise instruction by directly writing on a shared image．In future，we will expand this integrated display system so that specialists can instruct fromm ultiple sites．
Keywords
Tele-Medicine，Distributed Displays，Integration by CORBA．